Net-zero carbon in commercial buildings

Enhancing building energy efficiency is more important than integrating renewable energy sources. Preventing waste, reducing energy demand, and accelerating the circular economy are key to working towards the goal of net zero, especially in large-scale industrial and commercial structures.

Buildings account for nearly 40 percent of global energy-related carbon emissions, and the majority of that arises from energy consumption and construction activities, compared to other natural resources and the construction waste generated. Therefore, achieving “net-zero carbon” in buildings is important to alleviate environmental impact and warrant long-term sustainability.

The first step in achieving net zero, even before using renewable energy, is enhancing the energy efficiency of individual components to result in the lowest energy consumption (Energy Performance Index EPI KWh/sq.m). By installing high-performance glass facades, highly energy-efficient and eco-friendly HVAC systems, innovative lighting solutions, using smart measuring and monitoring systems, it is possible to minimise energy consumption without sacrificing comfort or functionality. After achieving the lowest EPI, the projects can look for on-site and off-site renewable energy options.

Renewable energy plays an important role by providing clean and sustainable sources of energy that offset a building’s energy consumption. When coupled with energy efficiency measures and smart energy management systems, renewable energy allows buildings to operate sustainably and meet their energy needs without relying on fossil fuels. This is especially viable for large-scale commercial structures.

Besides energy, water efficiency and net-zero waste are important constituents that can help a commercial building achieve net-zero carbon. Water consumption can be reduced by installing ultra-low flow and flush fixtures, which ensure rainwater is harvested and not going to waste. Second is reusing and recycling water for non-portable purposes like irrigation, landscaping, or flushing toilets. Filtration systems like phytoremediation, biofilters, and UV treatments make the grey water safe for irrigation or toilet flushing. Additionally, water costs can be substantially reduced by adopting native/drought-resistant plants that require minimal irrigation and implementing drip irrigation.

Net-zero waste means that no waste generated by the building during its construction and operation ends up in landfills. As the ancient Indian saying goes, “There is nothing called waste in nature! What we consider waste becomes a resource for someone.” Suggested measures to achieve net-zero waste include reusing, recycling, composting, and reducing the amount of waste generated through conscious operational practices such as proper sorting to make recycling more effective and encouraging occupants to reduce waste and increase recycling rates. Reusing and recycling waste such as paper, plastic, glass, etc., and using food scraps or leftovers for composting ensures less waste to send to landfills.

Materials used in the construction and renovation of commercial buildings significantly impact nature and the building’s carbon footprint. Material such as reclaimed wood, recycled steel, and low-carbon concrete can help minimise embodied carbon in a building.

Achieving net-zero carbon requires a concerted and comprehensive approach that includes various parameters such as natural resource efficiency and conscious waste management. These measures have a positive effect on the environment while helping to improve occupant health. Awareness of our carbon footprint can contribute significantly to environmental sustainability and resilience. 

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