Energy-efficient homes reimagined through smart building engineering solutions

The evolution of building technologies has led to the emergence of smart buildings that integrate advanced systems for improved efficiency, sustainability, and occupant comfort. Connected smart building engineering solutions are at the forefront of this transformation, combining various technologies to create interconnected and intelligent environments.

Key components of connected smart buildings

Building automation systems (BAS)
BAS are centralised control systems that manage HVAC, lighting, fire & safety, security & access control, and other critical building operations. These use sensors and IoT devices to gather data and automate responses to environmental changes. BAS play a big role in enhancing energy efficiency by optimising the performance of building systems. BAS need to be implemented by the National Building Code of India (NBC 2016) and IS 16405:2015 (Intelligent Buildings).

Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT is a network of physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity. IoT enables real-time monitoring and data collection from various building systems, facilitates predictive maintenance and improves operational efficiency. IoT is required to be implemented based on ISO/IEC 30141 (IoT Reference Architecture).

AI, the brain of urban operations
Artificial Intelligence (AI) processes the vast amounts of data collected, providing actionable insights. Engineers develop AI systems that optimise traffic flow, predict maintenance needs, and enhance public safety, making urban living more convenient and secure.

Big Data: Informing decisions
Big data analytics offer a comprehensive view of urban dynamics. Engineers utilise this information to inform building & city planning and policy decisions, ensuring that developments are sustainable and aligned with the needs of the residents.

Energy management systems (EMS)
These systems monitor and control energy consumption across the building, integrate renewable energy sources, optimise their usage, and provide insights into energy usage patterns to reduce waste and costs. EMS is required to be implemented based on ISO 50001:2018 (Energy Management Systems) and IS 16368:2015 (Energy Management in Buildings).

Smart lighting systems
These systems utilise occupancy sensors and daylight harvesting techniques to adjust lighting according to human presence and natural light availability. They improve energy efficiency and occupant comfort with lighting and AC controlling and can be controlled remotely via smart devices or programmable keypads. Relevant standards to implement include IS 3646 (Parts 1 to 3) (Code of Practice for Interior Illumination), NBC 2016 (Lighting and Ventilation), and IEC 60598 (Luminaires – General Requirements and Tests).

Advanced security systems
Advanced security systems encompass smart surveillance cameras, access control systems, and alarm systems. Facial recognition, VDP, visitor management systems, and other biometric technologies can be added for enhanced security. Occupant safety can be enhanced by enabling real-time monitoring and alerts. These advanced security systems are required to adhere to IS 2189:2008 (Selection, Installation, and Maintenance of Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm System) and NBC 2016 (Fire and Life Safety).

Benefits of connected smart building solutions
Connected smart building solutions offer enhanced energy efficiency, improved occupant comfort and productivity, operational efficiency, and sustainability. Integrating renewable energy sources, energy storage solutions, and real-time data analytics while connecting automated systems enhances energy efficiency. Adaptive systems respond to occupant preferences and behaviours, and health monitoring systems ensure a safe and comfortable environment for occupants. Predictive maintenance, centralised monitoring, and data-driven decision-making enhance overall operational efficiency. A low carbon footprint is achieved through efficient resource usage and integration with smart grids, promoting sustainability.

Challenges and considerations

Although connected smart building solutions offer advantages, they also come with several drawbacks. These include cybersecurity issues, interoperability challenges, cost and ROI, and scalability.

Connected smart building engineering solutions represent the future of the built environment, offering a blend of technology and sustainability. By integrating advanced systems and IoT technologies, these solutions enhance energy efficiency, occupant comfort, operational efficiency, predictive maintenance, and sustainability.