A review on our airport roofs

In June 2024, Indian aviation faced a setback as heavy rains caused roof collapses at airports in New Delhi, Jabalpur, and Rajkot. With airports under pressure to balance functionality and aesthetics, industry experts stress the need for rigorous maintenance, innovative design practices, and advanced technologies. These measures are crucial for enhancing safety, sustainability, and passenger experience while addressing issues related to faulty designs, construction timelines, and ownership accountability.

The recent series of airport roof collapses has shaken the aviation sector, which has led to substantial damage, doubting the efficiency and safety of the existing airports. These accidents highlight the critical need to reevaluate the approach for airport infrastructure design and maintenance. The particulars of each incident have been different; some have been linked to extreme weather, some to structural flaws, and others to maintenance procedure failures. In addition to interfering with airport operations, these incidents have called into question the reliability of the airport’s infrastructure and the procedures to maintain its integrity.

Studies states that design and construction errors are the root cause of many structural problems. Significant issues arise when out-of-date or insufficient design guidelines do not consider the changing needs of the environment and operations. A major factor in structural failures is the quality of construction; problems like poor code compliance, inferior materials, and poor workmanship. Although extensive inspections and routine maintenance are crucial for identifying any issues early on, numerous incidents have occurred where crucial warning indicators were overlooked or disregarded. Furthermore, weather-related occurrences like heavy rainfall or storms puts structures under stress that exceeds their design parameters.

In an online interaction organised by ACE Update Magazine, Robey Lal, Airport Advisor & Architect at ICT Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, highlighted the maintenance challenges associated with steel constructions compared to concrete. He noted that while both materials can suffer from leaks, steel structures are particularly vulnerable to water intrusion, which can severely impact the integrity of the steel. He emphasised that such issues often necessitate removing and renewing concrete structures, especially in older buildings. For instance, water intrusion can damage conveyor belts, affect basements, and create other problems in airport terminals. While leaks can occur in any material, he pointed out that steel constructions are more susceptible to water penetration, which can negatively affect the steel’s integrity.  

Prof. Charanjit Singh Shah notes that operational and maintenance issues might have contributed to the collapse. He points out that a clogged pipe could have led to water accumulation, causing the structure to collapse from the added weight. He emphasises the need for regular maintenance inspections and automation to detect and manage potential problems, asserting that proactive steps are essential to prevent similar incidents in the future.

Ar. Janhvi Poul highlights the importance of designing drainage systems for continuous water flow to prevent pressure buildup. She references the Delhi incident, where accumulated water pressure likely caused the collapse due to insufficient maintenance. Janhvi advises that climate change may increase such events and suggests involving environmental professionals alongside technical experts to provide insights into worst-case scenarios and potential weather patterns. While integrating this knowledge into structural design is challenging, it could significantly reduce future risks.

A precise balance between flexibility, usefulness, and visual impact is required in airport design to maintain structural integrity while maintaining aesthetic appeal. Strong, energy-efficient constructions must be ensured while considering changing dynamics in the design of airports. Architects build visually arresting and functionally effective rooms by emphasising net-zero energy efficiency, modular design, and natural lighting. By implementing strategic space planning and design strategies, they improve passenger comfort and optimise operational procedures, guaranteeing that the airport is a work of architectural art and easily fulfils its practical requirements. Janhvi suggests, “When designing an airport, several dynamic elements must be considered, such as the structural design’s adaptability and modularity. Architects must adjust to shifting dynamics as plans and predictions change, concentrating on net-zero energy efficiency, natural lighting, and facade design.” Efficient space planning and design strategies guarantee visual appeal and practicality, allowing for future growth and improving the traveller experience.

Airport advancements

Airport efficiency, security, and passenger experience are all improved by technological innovations such as biometric systems, self-service kiosks, IoT sensors, AI-driven analytics, and robotics. A more smooth and environmentally friendly air travel experience is also created by blockchain, which guarantees safe data management, and sustainable technology like electric equipment and renewable energy that encourage greener operations. Robey highlights, “how information technology is revolutionising contemporary airports by improving security, streamlining passenger experiences, and enabling wireless connectivity and E-passes. For smooth coordination with immigration, customs, and air traffic control, operational databases and control centres are essential.” Moreover, Janhvi sees future airports becoming more laid-back, entertainment-focused places similar to malls, with check-in procedures being simplified to take place at home. “Airports will no longer be transportation hubs but rather adaptable settings due to this change, relieving design stresses brought on by the complicated systems in place.”

Future airports

With green technology and renewable energy, future airport designs will prioritise sustainability. Additionally, biometric technology and intelligent, data-driven systems will improve the passenger experience. Easy growth is made possible by modular and adaptable layouts, and integrated digital tools and seamless public transportation connectivity increase convenience. Travel environments that are effective, user-friendly, and aesthetically pleasing are the result of improved health and hygiene protocols, creative security solutions, and an emphasis on architectural aesthetics.

Airports are expected to change from busy transportation hubs to calmer, mall-like spaces with more entertainment and retail options in the future. Rather than adding to the stress of travelling to the airport, check-in can be completed from home. As a result of the sharp increase in air traffic, airports will provide a variety of dining and recreational options to meet the demands of travellers seeking quality time and leisure. Airports will have less design pressure as they develop into multipurpose areas that blend comfort, convenience, and business activity.

Janhavi affirms “Airports may change from being busy transportation hubs to mall-like locations with entertainment areas in the future. Check-ins might be done from home, turning airports into places more geared towards leisure and commerce than transportation. With this change, there will be less design pressure and a more laid-back, pleasurable traveller experience.” In addition to the same Prof. Charanjit states “With 8% annual growth in traffic, airports are becoming indispensable components of daily life.” Airport design will change to focus on creating spaces where travellers may enjoy amenities and spend quality time together as time becomes more valuable. They will become sizable leisure spaces with various business ventures, skilfully combining comfort and pleasure.”

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